What are common symptoms of congestive heart failure?

The symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) are primarily related to the body's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to a variety of physical manifestations. Dyspnea, which is shortness of breath, is a hallmark symptom as fluid can accumulate in the lungs, making it difficult for patients to breathe comfortably, especially when exerting themselves or when lying flat.

Fatigue commonly occurs due to decreased blood flow and oxygen to the body's tissues and organs, leading to a sensation of tiredness even with minimal activity. Fluid retention, or edema, occurs as the heart's decreased ability to pump blood contributes to fluid buildup, often seen in the legs, ankles, and abdomen.

Overall, these symptoms—dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention—directly reflect the pathophysiological changes in CHF. Understanding these symptoms is critical for early detection and management of the condition, allowing for timely interventions that can significantly improve a patient's quality of life.