What are potential complications of long-term corticosteroid use?

Long-term corticosteroid use is associated with several significant complications that can affect multiple organ systems. One of the most critical concerns is osteoporosis, which occurs because corticosteroids can interfere with calcium absorption in the intestines and inhibit bone formation, leading to an increased risk of fractures.

Infection is another major complication because corticosteroids suppress the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and slowing the body's ability to respond to them.

Hypertension can arise due to corticosteroids causing increased fluid retention and altering the balance of electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium, which can lead to elevated blood pressure.

Hyperglycemia, or elevated blood sugar levels, can occur as corticosteroids increase glucose production in the liver and decrease the sensitivity of body tissues to insulin, potentially resulting in diabetes mellitus in susceptible individuals.

These complications underscore the importance of careful monitoring and management in patients prescribed long-term corticosteroid therapy, as proactive measures can help mitigate some of these risks.