What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstones. Gallstones can obstruct the bile duct, which can impede the flow of pancreatic enzymes and lead to inflammation of the pancreas. When a gallstone lodges in the bile duct, it can cause an increase in pancreatic duct pressure and result in the activation of digestive enzymes that begin digesting the pancreas itself. This process triggers the inflammatory response and can lead to the symptoms associated with acute pancreatitis, such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

While chronic alcohol use, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal trauma can also precipitate acute pancreatitis, gallstones account for the majority of cases, particularly in the population. The prevalence of gallstones as a cause is reflected in clinical studies, showing a significant association between gallstones and episodes of acute pancreatitis, especially in the absence of other risk factors.

Understanding this connection helps in the management and prevention of acute pancreatitis, notably by educating patients about the risks associated with gallstones and the importance of seeking medical advice when experiencing symptoms related to gallbladder or digestive issues.