What is the standard treatment for asthma exacerbations?

The standard treatment for asthma exacerbations is the use of bronchodilators, particularly short-acting beta-agonists like albuterol. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and constricted, leading to difficulty breathing. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, thereby facilitating easier airflow and providing rapid relief from symptoms.

The quick onset of action of bronchodilators is crucial for managing acute episodes, as they can alleviate wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath almost immediately. Therefore, they are considered the first-line treatment during an exacerbation.

While corticosteroids may also be used in managing asthma exacerbations, especially in severe cases or when there is an ongoing inflammation, they are generally not the immediate treatment choice during the acute phase; they take longer to exert their effects. Antibiotics are not typically indicated unless there is a concurrent respiratory infection. Antihistamines, while useful for allergic reactions and conditions such as allergic rhinitis, do not have a direct role in treating asthma exacerbations as they do not affect airway constriction.